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M
irql_not_less_or_equal
Moderate
Microsoft · Windows
A kernel-mode driver or process attempted to access a memory address at an invalid IRQL (Interrupt Request Level) — a driver tried to access pageable memory at a raised interrupt level
Quick Answer
Error code IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL on your Microsoft Windows means: A kernel-mode driver or process attempted to access a memory address at an invalid IRQL (Interrupt Request Level) — a driver tried to access pageable memory at a raised interrupt level. This is usually fixable — see the step-by-step guide below.
Affected Models
Applies to all models
21H222H223H2Server 2019Server 2022
Likely Causes
  1. Buggy or incompatible device driver (commonly network adapters, USB, or audio drivers)
  2. Recently installed hardware with problematic drivers
  3. Corrupted system files or Windows installation
  4. Faulty RAM causing random memory access errors
  5. Overclocking instability causing memory timing errors
How to Fix It
1
Note the driver file name shown on the BSOD (e.g., ntoskrnl.exe, ndis.sys, usbhub.sys) — this identifies the culprit driver
2
Boot into Safe Mode (hold Shift + Restart > Troubleshoot > Startup Settings > F4) and uninstall the problematic driver from Device Manager
3
If you recently installed new hardware (network card, USB device, audio interface), remove it and test if the BSOD stops
4
Update all drivers — especially network, chipset, and USB drivers — from the manufacturer's website
5
Run Windows Memory Diagnostic (mdsched.exe) or MemTest86 to rule out RAM errors
6
Open Command Prompt as Admin and run: sfc /scannow followed by: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
7
If overclocking, revert to stock settings in BIOS
Pro Tip
This fix requires some technical knowledge. If you're unsure about any step, consider contacting support or a qualified technician.
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