M
0x80070091
Easy Fix
Microsoft · Windows
The directory is not empty. Windows Update cannot remove or replace a directory because it still contains files, often from a failed previous update operation.
Quick Answer
Error code 0x80070091 on your Microsoft Windows means: The directory is not empty. Windows Update cannot remove or replace a directory because it still contains files, often from a failed previous update operation.. This is usually fixable — see the step-by-step guide below.
Affected Models
Applies to all models
21H222H223H2Server 2019Server 2022
Likely Causes
  1. Leftover files from a failed previous update preventing cleanup
  2. File locks held by running processes on files within the target directory
  3. Permissions issue preventing deletion of files in the update staging area
  4. Corrupted Windows Update component leaving orphaned directories
How to Fix It
1
Restart your PC and retry the update — this releases file locks and clears temporary states.
2
Boot into Safe Mode (hold Shift while clicking Restart > Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Safe Mode) and manually delete the problematic directory if identified in the update log.
3
Clear the Windows Update cache: Open Command Prompt as Administrator, run net stop wuauserv, delete the C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution folder entirely, run net start wuauserv.
4
Check for the $WINDOWS.~BT folder in C:\ — if present from a failed feature update, delete it. You may need to take ownership first: takeown /f C:\$WINDOWS.~BT /r /d y && icacls C:\$WINDOWS.~BT /grant administrators:F /t && rmdir /s /q C:\$WINDOWS.~BT.
5
Run sfc /scannow and DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth to repair any component store issues.
6
Review the CBS.log at C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log — search for '0x80070091' to identify exactly which directory is causing the conflict.
Pro Tip
This is a common issue that most users can resolve without specialized tools. Try the first step before moving on to more complex solutions.
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